Imaginary Companions: Pretending They Are Real but Knowing They Are Not

by Marjorie Taylor and Candice M. Mottweiler

[Article Abstract]

Parents and child specialists are often concerned about the role imaginary companions play in children's lives. Recent research shows that the creation of an imaginary companion is a common and healthy type of pretend play. There are many different kinds of imaginary companions, including those based on various types of props as well those that are invisible. Although children describe many imaginary companions as kind and obedient, others they depict as disruptive and unruly. When children express strong emotion for imaginary companions or claim to have difficulty controlling the companion, they may appear confused about the boundary between fantasy and reality. However, the authors argue to the contrary: Most children are very clear in their understanding that their imaginary companions are pretend. Taylor and Mottweiler base their claim partly upon spontaneous statements of children they interviewed concerning the fantasy status of imaginary companions.